There's zero reason to design a kitchen to last 100 years if the average one will be remodeled in 7 and even the oldest won't go past 20.
But other things can be designed to last significantly longer, and be used way past their "original expected lifespan" - many of the buildings in Europe, for example, have lasted centuries.
That said, w.r.t old buildings, selection bias may play a significant role, perhaps bigger than intentions
One of the many tradeoffs in design is how much do you want to spend in preparing for anticipated future demands.
Striking example in my home town of Zagreb. Communist city planners at the time designed new neighbourhood with plenty of parking space because one day productivity advancements will give every family a car to own and they need to have a place to park it!
A few decades later you couldnt find a parking space anywhere because every family had two or three cars!
One of the huge things that computers give us is the ability to simulate where the design limits actually are - you can "relatively" easily design a device that needs to do "at least X" but once you're done, you don't really know how far past X you can go - computer simulations can help discover where and what exactly fails.
(Some limits like boat "hull speed" are easier to find than others).