But it's useful to learn the foundational mathematics of these things as there is a direct relationship between them.
SQL has semantics that can be understood by relational algebra of relational bags. It's of course not a 1:1 translation, but the mathematical underpinnings are explained there. It's useful to learn the simpler, more abstract thinking tool in order to understand the concrete programming tool.
Also wrong for Turing Machines, it really is infinite. That's a big difference to arbitrarily large. The halting problem is undecidable for TM's but not for arbitrarily large (you'll need precise definitions though).
The machine with 7918-states, Z, stops (well, Z cannot be proven to run infinitly long) iff. ZFC is consistent. For this it needs a finite amount of space but we cannot calculate how much. If we could calculate an upper bound we've proven ZFC is consistent.
There's only so many that you can buy.
It's not exactly the same thing, but the underlying lessons and mental model matter.
Of course, the move back towards nonrelational data stores these days may make the point moot.
Apart from the fact it isn't; elements have specific order and that order matters.
SQL is SQL, it's not relational algebra or whatever bastardization of it you can think up. In fact when it comes to SQL the only use relational algebra has is to tell that you that anyone talking about it has never used SQL.