It is of course possible to meet one's higher-level needs in other parts of one's life, but if your career is actively opposing your values, it becomes that much harder to make up your needs in the limited time remaining. If you can't make the balance work, burnout and depression are likely.
Your values can only be worth that much, and a big check will make you forget them faster than you think. After all, that's what corruption actually exists: people willing to compromise on whatever they believe or used to believe for financial benefits.
Also don't forget that people will rationalize everything. There's no one going to work every day and hating it - if you stay in a place you don't really like, ultimately you will find reasons to stay and to justify your choice.
Most people work for the pay. Thats why you pay people: to make them work on something they dont necessarily like.
Not everyone needs to be or to act like an activist.