China's issue is that people who are too old to be productive still need to be fed, clothed, housed, doctored. An inverted population pyramid is not a good thing, no matter what the resource situation is.

ah yes, an exclusively china issue.

Well, they had a unique one-child policy for over three decades, and are only now starting to feel the ramifications.

In China, the children are expected to take care of their parents in their twilight years, and the husband is typically expected to provide for the wife and kid(s), so you basically have 1 dude providing for 8 people: himself + his wife + 2 kids + his parents + his wife's parents.

Any way you cut it, China is due for ~35 years of an absolutely horrendous labor participation rate. And unlike developed nations with declining birthrates, it's unlikely immigrants will be able to take up the slack, as extreme xenophobia is omnipresent in China and her population is absolutely massive.

To be fair to the post you're replying to China's demographic issues are more pronounced and likely to occur much sooner than most other large economies. The biggest issue being that they have never normalized immigration when they needed to like many western economies started to do in the 70s.

No, it's an issue in many countries. You will note, however, that this post regards China and India, and my comment was a comparison between the two. Pay attention.

The world's population's fertility is falling and will probably go bellow replacement soon.

That takes care of the resource problem.

So if one subset has a large fertility they eventually inherit the Earth since the neighboring countries will be empty, or will have changed their fertility course.

India has a fertility rate of 2.2 which is just at replacement level.

Its below replacement level now, according to the latest survey. That 2.2 number is from the 2015 survey.

It’s under replacement as of 2020, probably even lower now.

China has been below 2.2 in 1990 and has remained well below that since, while continuing to have a growing population. If you're looking even three or four decades ahead it's not a huge problem for India.

If you are looking for lots of prime-age workers to assemble stuff in a factory cheaply.....Yes?

Which is better in terms of the well-being of the population and all that is a separate question.

Humans and their minds are the greatest resource of all.

India’s birthdate is under replacement rate as of 2020. Doesn’t that mean the population is no longer growing?