Too bad about the even more expensive rocket launches. That stupid logarithm just won’t go away.

It's possible the only way to do rockets in these worlds is through some kind of nuclear propulsion.

Nuclear rockets are amazing in space, but a really bad idea in an atmosphere.

They’d just need to go nuclear or keep their power source on the ground eg lasers or other beamed power, rail guns, sling systems, etc.

We choose rockets because they’re the lowest investment.

Higher Gravity would be pretty uncomfortable.

Strange no mention of gravity in that article.

I wonder the impact of higher gravity on trees/animals?

In a lot of cases as your planet size goes up the gravity doesn't go up as fast at the surface as you would expect. First off, sometimes the density is different, so you would have a similar sized but lighter planet. Other times it would just be the distance from the mass meaning that the mass on the opposite side of the planet has less effect than you would expect at the surface. If you add extra mass you also increase the radioactive decay potential which is part of our core being warm. More radioactive material, a longer time with a stronger magnetic field, less damage from solar radiation. And yes, the surface fluid being denser would provide more boyancy, so an aquatic species would have less of an issue from multiple times Earth gravity.

Pretty cool stuff.

Well, I suppose if they live in water it won’t necessarily matter as much. I can imagine vast oceans like ours filled with mostly-liquid creatures floating and flitting around.

and they are all inhabited by Bronteroc