I'd measure it relatively against the amount they sweat at rest/walking and sure, some people sweat even then.
Again people can bring a change of clothes, but Ive worked places that require a suit year round, or at least no shorts. Biking around in pants in 100f heat is hardly fun.
If you want to argue that cycling isn't suitable in an environment in which humans should never be outside and only transfer from one air-conditioned environment to another then fine, sure, but my god, what a dystopia in which no human should live. Time to encourage migration to Siberia rather than cars.
Again its the consequence of something, even if its your fault. Obviously speeding in a car can kill someone, but fender benders are pretty common and mostly harmless. Also obviously most people can fall off a bike and be fine, but for the elderly a simple fall can be life altering or even lethal, and thats before you get to the physical issues.
A car driving so dangerously, so recklessly, so without any care for humanity, to hit a slow moving bicycle is homicide. It's an outrage to ever surrender the road to criminals. No-one should ever accept such a mentality.
I can't say that is my experience. Cycling at a relaxed speed is less effort than walking and you get a nice a breeze. I've cycled in 40C heat and it's lovely - more comfortable than being stationary.
It's hills (no matter the temperature) that make me break a sweat because of the exertion and a hardwired instinct to sprint up them.
> Finally its not a great solution for the elderly
Trikes are a nice solution for those feeling a bit wobbly on two wheels.