If I take the quote: "At the beginning of this section, we posed the question: can we show that our two definitions of the nearby-relation are equivalent?"
Searching on google lead to 2 dead link, and another website republishing the book as pdf.
Others search engines give me the link of the page I got the quote from, as the first result.
Two of three are dead links, so not really.
While indeed google doesn't look to have indexed this particular page, it looks like others search engine successfuly indexed it.
The "relevant"(where this verbatim string came from) result looks like a pdf dump websites, which is less relevant to what I want.
For whatever reason any effort to use the time range can remove _many_ search results that Google knows are from that time range and that should be included. That can make it almost impossible to find old articles, particularly since Google pushes new less relevant hits if you don't restrict the time range.
The only way I was able to find this article the first time was by searching through social media, which sometimes has less crazy search algorithms.
This has not been my experience. I regularly use quotes and get back pages that don't contain the phrase.
The article suggests that content might not appear because it is in the source of the page, or the page has changed since it was crawled. However, I've grepped the source of the page, and checked Google's cache of the page, and not found the quoted phrase.
I used to report bad results to Google, but it's a complete black box and I have no idea if anyone pays attention to them, so I don't anymore.