There is a data cap on broadband. It's called "commercial usage terms" and it defines a data cap of 3.3TB a month often written in size 6 font or omitted. This is when you're using either Airtel or Jio, the two biggest broadband providers in the nation. Quoting prices for 4G internet is pretty much useless because of how unreliable it is.
The prices for calls and internet have started to increase after Jio and Airtel both admitted that the prices in India are unsustainable. Jio also acquired several smaller internet service providers. My apartment complex has only two options — Jio or Airtel.
To counter your 2 arguments,
Argument 1: Before Jio even penetrated the market we had a bunch of different operators ( Docomo, aircel and even airtel etc ) who charged a bomb for literally 1GB of data, I remember having to shell out a premium on my docomo during 2015 just for some talktime and 1GB which I had to use cautiously for browsing. Even now after JIO incrementing prices its still cheaper than what the operators use to charge before 2015-16. You get a freaking 1GB per day and unlimited talktime now.
argument 2: Growing up we had BSNL broadband run by your so called "elected left government". It was ABSOLUTELY SHIT. Words cannot describe how pathetic BSNL's service and speeds were. But as per your last sentence there was NO other choice, it was a damned monopoly and literally a shit one, people had airtel/docomo dongles but it used to cost a bomb. Then came a lot of small scale ISPs and also JIO/airtel who provided insane speeds at decent prices which the general public had yet to experience and made it accessible to people. I personally use a local one, it says unlimited and I have it pushed to over 2TB in a month by downloading a shit tonne amount of 4K remuxes, installing epics/steams video games. The speeds did not slow down at all. I think I might be in maybe 1%-2% of all people in India who has even gone upto a TB of data in a month. I don't know if there is actually a cap at 3.3TB but your phrasing sounds like every indian household uses 3.3 TB of data every month and cries in a corner about it not being truly unlimited.
I cannot believe the levels of cynicism in your comment, how naive and rose tinted your your views are about India's history with internet services. If you are mad with the insane internet infrastructure advancements this government has brought , I hope you stay mad.
With a cartel of two, I doubt it can be considered a free market.
Both for cellular and wired internet there is no price regulation and very little regulation regarding ownership/mergers however there are many competing companies in both areas and due to this competition you can get 100Mbps for less than €10, 1Gbps for around €20 and uncapped cellular plans also go for around €20. I hardly see how additional regulation could improve this situation, probably would only result in less choice and higher prices..
It's already impossible to talk about the coverage in Germany as uniform, there's everything from Fiber to only 25 Mbit, to 1 Mbit (this is not a 'city' vs 'rural' thing, it's kinda random, especially for Fiber), lumping together Europe sounds weird.