However, there's no reason to pick on the Middle East in particular. Pilgrimages tend to get a lot of people from disparate areas to convene in a small centralized area at the same time. Research has shown pilgrimages in Europe were responsible for spreading leprosy in the Middle Ages, for example. Research has also shown that pilgrimages in modernity act also as disease vectors, although not with leprosy, with research studying the Hajj in particular, showing a 78x increase in the spread of meningitis[1]. Similarly, there's been research on COVID cases stemming from the Sturgis Rally in the US, suggesting that it was responsible for hundreds of thousands of cases of the disease[2].
[1] https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s128...
There is no reason to make a complicated argument that the Bird Flu will start in Saudi Arabia due to Islam. It will probably start in the good ol' USA.
https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2018/09/more-4-billion-bird...