Unless the connector is waterproof ( i doubt it) , don't try this at home. Water is a good conductor.
[1] electrocorrosion isn’t used much as a word, but it should be. Google electrolytic corrosion, direct current corrosion, stray current corrosion.
[null] https://knowledge.electrochem.org/encycl/art-c06-cathodic.ht...
Isn't that just galvanic corrosion?
Corrosion due to electric currents is different. A few Volts in reverse and you could make iron the anode to corrode and protect a zinc cathode (Cathode and Anode depend on current direction, e.g. they swap when charging a battery).
Two parts made of the same metal can be can be corroded with an electrolyte between them, with low AC or DC voltage driving differences.
If you're worried about the wire to the charger itself, I'm sure they've thought of that if the charger is submersible. (Do any of those exist? I'm only finding a splash-resistant one.) And if the charger isn't submersible it'll be outside the bucket and the cable will be fine.
I do see some wireless charging waterproof battery banks. No cable needed for that.
Get (2) phones' batts to same level.
Place each on a charged, but one submerged, one not.
Time to 100% ==?? Measure this multiple times/multiple device types
Build a table of "underwater charging rating of xFactor..."