The first and last step is to just give them cash. Give everyone cash indiscriminately. If we want to help people.
To ensure the the wealth is not being transferred from poor to wealthy, you have marginal income/wealth or marginal sales tax rates.
You can give people cash. You also have to kill a lot of restrictive zoning laws, because new housing can't be built until they go away. You need to require new housing to pay for new infrastructure to support itself, and then you need to require old housing to pay for maintaining their infrastructure, too. You need to kill off local funding of education in favor of universal funding of education, because otherwise the poor kids get substandard schools and teachers.
You need to fund public transit, and it needs to be aimed at getting people not just from their homes to work and back, but also to schools and stores and entertainment.
Everything has to be automatically indexed to inflation, or else you get the same problem ten to twenty years later.
It’s just straight-up more expensive to be disabled than non-disabled.
This was a big discussion in the disabilities community around Yang’s UBI in 2020.
I find UBI intriguing, but it wouldn’t necessarily free us from complexities like this.
I’m certain it would be less onerous than what we deal with now. It’s hard to describe the disability process as anything but “onerous”.
As long as those with needs greater than the average population are accounted for, I (cautiously) favor this idea. One of the hardest things about being disabled is that suddenly many people feel entitled to make choices for you. I sorely miss having the control and choice in my life that I had when I was able to work.
Sadly, most people have to advocate for themselves. They have to research what they need to do to get benefits, try to figure out how to navigate the poorly designed system, make calls, fill out paperwork, submit documents, etc. Poor people may not have the mental/emotional energy to go through all this.
I know, I know. Sometimes this is the system behaving as designed. The government makes it hard for people to get benefits so it doesn't have to pay as much. Such design is despicable.