Not to be a pedant, but actually to be a pedant : Are you sure? I think the list of absolutely true things 200 years ago and the list of absolutely true things now are probably pretty divergent!
You can have complete knowledge of a component, but that may not be helpful when attempting to determine the affect of that component in a system where you have incomplete knowledge of other components.
Nonlinear systems that trigger at thresholds are a good example of this.
The key is knowing where your abstraction is likely to break down and having some bounds checking and fault tolerance to deal with to makes things robust. At the same time having abstractions (or models for Engineers and Physicists) that are all encompassing tends to make them so complex that they aren't very useful or even comprehensible.
To the extent that knowledge is a model for how the world works that we can hold in our heads and reason about... the usefulness of the model is often inverse to the accuracy outside of its bounds. Including general rel or quantum effects in most earthly trajectories is so complex and useless that it's silly... and yet at the same time we "know" newtonian mechanics is "wrong".
I'd be happier to say that I know how to build a robust house of cards for the situation. That I know there are gaps in the foundation, and I know when it's important to fill them in, and how much. At the same time, stress testing, realizing fundamental dependencies, and knowing how things can fail often just comes from experience.
Trying to think of knowledge as house of cards is stupid because it somehow implies that knowledge is inherently unstable, which is not true.