> I would also argue that it culturally exists ageism in Sweden

In the supplements, they cite from "LARSSON, S.-O. & HARTIG, M. 2015. Ålderism (Ageism). In: (UPS), U. P. S. (ed.)":

"Sweden also ranks globally among the countries with the lowest regard to the elderly based on pre-pandemic surveys. Ageism, defined as prejudices or stereotypical perceptions based on a person's age and which can lead to discrimination, is a bigger problem in Sweden than in the other Nordic countries. When Swedish people are asked to rank the social position of different age groups in their country, the position of the elderly (70+ years) is ranked as the second lowest in the world. The elderly are also considered to have a much weaker position in society than young adults. This may be a consequence of prevailing individualism and rapid digitalisation and technological development, and weaker ties between the different generations (the family is not at the centre as in several other countries). In the Swedish society, aging is mainly regarded as a biological process of decay or decline, dehumanising the senior in the eyes of the rest of society, leading to marginalization and discrimination; considering the senior as a passive object."

One thing that I did not hear much of during the pandemic were the actual opinions of the elderly on the subject. Did they really want all of the measures that were taken?

This is not Sweden. While a lot of it rings true; like the strange mix of fierce indivudalism and collectivism in Sweden, and how we really did mess upp early elder care. I only have anecdata about elder care; my relative just now died in an one such home from brain damage + malnutrition the amount of care, happines and grit that was done to make her eat was heart warming. The same place hade been hit very hard by Covid, which ment they now had extreme proceedures in place that limited our visiting possibilities, that ment they had zero Covid cases during the peaks in 2021.

I think most of the care homes learnt after the first wave, at least I hope that my experience was representive.

I would argue that Sweden is not collectivistic at all.

In the golden years of the Folkhem (the people's home) Sweden was collectivistic to a larger extent, but because of the massive increase of living standards, a huge middle class emerged.

Core beliefs of the middle class is typically high individualism and materialism which usually translates to some form of liberalism.

Many, especially on the right, makes the mistake to equate high taxes with collectivism, but that is not necessarily the case, because it depends on how the taxes are collected and what the taxes are used for.

Today the Swedish's left argument for high taxes is to increase individual freedom, not collective freedom. The Swedish's right argument for low taxes is to increase individual freedom, not collective freedom, thus both the left and the right in Sweden is ruled by the same middle class and every big topic in Sweden since the at least 20 years has been of a middle class perspective.

Reducing society to high vs low taxes is one of the most extreme forms of individualism you can have.

While your personal experience is heartwarming, others here point to what I would describe state-approved cruelty of effectively euthanizing elderly who got seriously sick with covid earlier. That's not cool at all and even if now things are different its a right thing to point to these widespread failures that caused a lot of unnecessary death.

Few elderly patients who end up on ventilators for COVID survive, plus the process is very painful and causes permanent damage if you survive. So morphine actually sounds like a pretty good way to go, assuming there's some form of informed consent.

The problem was that there were cases were consent was not given and of healthy 70 year olds having to fight for ventilators at least in the beginning. From what I understood a lot changed when people realized what was happening in June 2020, the paper is pretty vague about this it talks mainly about the first half of 2020.

> state-approved cruelty of effectively euthanizing elderly

Unless I got the discussion completely backwards, the point here was that these homes are not run by the state. They are either private or by small municipalities, and are not really intended to provide medical care in the same way as hospitals do.

There are probably a lot of details here that's not at all obvious to an outsider of the system, exactly how the care is organized, paid for, and what medical facilities they can access, but I hope that they can learn and improve from this so the next pandemic do not hit the elderly quite this bad.

That some other countries may or may not have been hit worse does not make it any better. This is not a competition.

That is a pretty extreme interpretation of the paper. That view is also not helpfull if you want to talk about the regional problems around Sweden, it has been mentioned in other comments here. The paper is just bringing up a discussion we have had since june 2020 in Sweden, I sure do not think we will not stop discussing it.

Sweden didn't have a high death toll. On a per capita basis they're lower than many other comparable EU countries such as France.

https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/#countries

Right, but it's only barely lower than France, about half-way between Germany and France. And then there's the question whether France is a great comparison; if you compare Sweden to its closer neighbors Finland and Norway - it's much, much worse off; and even compared to the more densely populated Denmark it's almost twice as bad. At best, the numbers look mediocre for Sweden - and that's if you somehow make the case it's more comparable to France+Germany than, say, Norway or Denmark. But if you consider other Nordic countries as baselines, the results look terrible.

Put it this way: imagine somebody gave you the data for deaths for many of the nearby countries, and lots of information about them all; vaccination rates, age distributions etc. The only number missing is Sweden's death rate. Would you have guessed it correctly? or guessed higher? or lower? I definitely would have guesses lower, somewhere between 2 to three times too low. Frankly, even with knowledge that their lockdowns were lax I would not have expected this high a death rate; after all it's not like it was business as usual or anything - people were socially distancing.

I'd say comparing countries like this is fraught, but also that Sweden has an unexpectedly high death toll. Whether it's high in absolute numbers, and what exactly the cause is... who knows. The cause may well be largely unrelated to their policies; clearly the differences between countries in general are not at all easily explained by policy differences, after all. But I don't agree with your statement that it outright doesn't have a high death toll.