The attraction of Quanta has always been that its writers seemed to have an intrinsic passion for math, treating it as more than just a gee-whiz topic to gloss over in between the latest panicked missives about politics and how cellphones are destroying our children. One of its most delightful qualities has been the consistent willingness to take a few extra sentences to explain even advanced concepts in a manner that is basically technically correct.
Certainly the article remains far better than the average mass media STEM writing, but Quanta should take greater care to keep their quality pristine. They have been utterly unique and have set the example for everyone else.
The first one is a bit worse. I think if I had read this knowing nothing about convexity I would have gotten the wrong idea from the arbitrary choice of 1%. I understand the desire to simplify, but it is an art to simplify while keeping what you say technically correct. Quanta usually does an excellent job of this. I wouldn't say that the first point above is an egregious error by any means, but I think it is a slip.
Given that, it seems fair-ish to say that Nelson solved the Subconvexity Problem. You just have to understand that the problem is really a family of problems of increasing hardness (e.g. prove tighter and tighter bounds), and solutions more powerful than Nelson's may come later.
I still think it's vague to talk about "the" subconvexity problem without specifying what variable you want the bound to be subconvex in, but, really, who am I to argue with Ian Petrow..!
To be fair, I think there are economic conditions that drive the unfortunate situation. Quanta is very lucky to have enormous free support from a billionaire-funded foundation (Simons Foundation).
When publications become desperate for cash, they dive into the politics and culture war rathole.
My understanding is that Nelson has indeed done this for every L-function, although the exact x varies with the L-function. How is that not solving the subconvexity problem?
But this is not (I think) how most people would speak, and I wouldn't say this. I would say the subconvexity problem is the problem of bridging the gap between 25% (convexity) and 0% (Lindelof). Subconvexity bounds for various L-functions (zeta, Dirichlet L-functions, and higher rank L-functions) are a very active area of research, and so it seems strange to me to say "the subconvexity problem is solved."
"My understanding is that Nelson has indeed done this for every L-function." One minor note. Nelson's work applies if the L-function is automorphic. By the Langlands philosophy, this should be true for any reasonable L-function, but this is far from known, even in, e.g., the simple case of the L-function corresponding to the tensor product of two automorphic L-functions.
Edit: I am wrong about the statement "this is not (I think) how most people would speak." It looks like beating the convexity bound at all is often described as "solving the subconvexity problem," e.g. in the introduction here https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s002220200223. This description is a bit strange to me, but if it is standard then it is unfair for me to call it an "inaccuracy," persay; thanks for pointing this out.
The first, pointed out already by gavagai691, is that it is not known that "every L-function" is "standard" (this is a major open problem in the Langlands program).
The second is that the general "subconvexity problem" asks for a nontrivial estimate not only for each fixed L-function as its argument varies, but more generally as the L-function itself varies. The general case of the problem remains open.
Is there are reason or benefit of stating it like that rather than saying the fraction of output and input digit size asymptotically approaches zero? Or did I misunderstand the explanation?
What Lindelof says more precisely is that for any ε > 0 and any L-function L(s), there is a constant C_(ε,L) (depending only on ε and L, but crucially not on s) such that |L(s)| <= C_ε (1+|Im(s)|)^ε.
Second, the subtitle "Paul Nelson has solved the subconvexity problem..." is strange. The subconvexity problem, for a given L-function, is to lower the percentage described above from 25% to "any positive number"; in other words, to bridge the gap between the convexity bound (which is "trivial") and Lindelof (a consequence of GRH). The only way that the statement "Paul Nelson has solved THE subconvexity problem..." could maybe be accurate is if Nelson proved the Lindelof hypothesis for "all" L-functions. Which is far from the case. (What makes subconvexity so interesting, as Nelson says in the article, is that it is a problem where you can make partial progress towards a particularly important consequence of GRH. And Nelson's result is exactly that: partial progress.) More accurate would be "Paul Nelson has made significant progress on the general subconvexity problem."