As far as I understand it TS is supposed to follow as closely to JS as possible. I always saw it as “let’s add types to JS” rather than a separate language. I’m not sure I’ve seen a “this is how you write TS vs JS” formal declaration from the TS team. Am I missing something?
In this sense, where these features are not the default and aren't first-class, will almost likely never be idiomatic because to TypeScript because there's too much friction compared to something from the ML families or the LISPs. In trying to add types to JavaScript, as a result you keep a lot of that same friction as JavaScript. I'm not saying it doesn't have a place--it's clearly super popular--but I do think it does not offer a good experience for someone looking for FP-style programming. It's really odd to see job postings with an FP team, Haskell on the back-end, and then TypeScript on the front-end... it just doesn't match, and there were other good options, even if it requires writing some libraries for these communities.
I'm a pretty big fan of strong, static type systems and FP in general, and I have been writing typescript professionally for a few years now.
I decided a long time ago that trying to write Haskell in TS just isn't worth the effort.
Adopting FP ideas such as pure functions, restricting side-effects and then otherwise just using the type system to model the flow of your program goes a very long way. You don't have to write Haskell in TS to reap most of the benefits.