Michael Spindler presided over the successful PowerPC transition, but unfortunately he also presided over a catastrophic 1995 for Apple, where Apple had to contend with bad Performa x200/x300 models, faulty PowerBook 5300 models with many issues such as chipping and easily-breakable hinges (not to mention the exploding battery at the factory before release), and the release of Windows 95. Gil Amelio ended up taking over in 1996 to try to turn the company around; we all know what happened NeXT.
Just look at some of the large breaches that happened like 5 years ago and where the CISOs of these companies work for now.
Breaches typically help them improve their profile and career in the long run (maybe you get to even speak in front of congrees) - it's very odd.
I think it has todo with people thinking, oh ,this person has seen some bad stuff - so the person must be experienced. Rather than maybe question if the root cause of the bad stuff (like a breach) was actually an incompetent exec.
But really sometimes you're just put in charge of a sinking ship, and sometimes you sink a perfectly fine ship. I suppose it is sometimes difficult to tell the difference.
Being big company CEO is a very very high wall to get over, but once you do it, I think you have a pretty good shot at keeping the CEO job for the rest of your career.
Startup CEO... might help get some funding in your next startup, or find co-founders easier. Not a lot though I expect..