In many types of cases, but not all. Protection from abuse order hearings generally happen without the knowledge of the target of the order.
The process is commonly abused by divorce lawyers to gain control of the house for their client, and the bar for evidence is extremely low. The way our adversarial justice system is supposed to work is that the truth comes out in a fair fight. This process obviously ignores this foundation.
If there's really enough evidence to suggest immediate violence, then they should be arrested for terroristic threats and other stuff. And let's not forget that the protective order is just a piece of paper and won't stop any violence if the person is truly motivated.
Frankly, I think a lot of civil court actions have been created just to avoid the protections guaranteed in the criminal system.
I presume you're one of the fortunate majority who've never had domestic abusers injure (temporarily or permanently) or kill someone loved.
> https://www.law.cornell.edu/rules/frcp
This is a good point for federal cases, but I meant my comment to cover civil action in state courts too. These are the courts that are most likely to affect someone's life. For instance in California small claims courts you are not allowed to be represented.
Also, I believe in small claims as a defendant you can appoint an attorney to represent you. I sued a tow operator in small claims court and the dude who showed up was definitely an attorney.
That might be because you were suing a company, though. How would a company "represent itself"? Get the board of directors in?
As far as a company speaking for itself, a corporate representative is often designated to speak for and bind the company in any civil action.
See, e.g., Federal Rule 30(b)(6): https://www.law.cornell.edu/rules/frcp/rule_30
While there is no right to be afforded free legal representation in civil court in most US jurisdictions (some do) and a civil court can render rulings and judgments against parties who are not represented by counsel, a civil court cannot prohibit a party from having legal representation, which is what your comment seems to suggest.
A civil court can render a ruling against a party if the party is not present, but it will typically go to great lengths to ensure that notice is given to parties before doing so (pleadings served to last address by process server, notice published, etc.). There are typically strict requirements that have to be met before civil court can render a ruling or judgment without a party present, especially where there is no indication that the party has received notice first.
A lot of anecdotes about drastic judgments and rulings being handed down by civil courts happen when parties ignore notice of the proceedings. There are a lot of rules for handling cases in civil court and they are grounded in the constitutional right to due process. Notice and due process are taken really seriously in most US jurisdictions. Federal Courts are especially strict about following the rules.
https://www.law.cornell.edu/rules/frcp