Reading about these fake loans is a gut punch. When small businesses that really needed the money were stonewalled for months, many having to shutter, it's hard to believe that oversight would have hurt
Or they could purposefully close the economy with "stay at home orders" having the same consequences, which many states in the US did.
My understanding is the US had similar programs to the former, but not like the latter. Other than a couple of general stimulus payments, increased unemployment benefits were delegated to state agencies, many of which were overwhelmed and weren't able to process unemployment in a timely manner.
We are currently incentivizing many people to not work through unemployment. We should just give them that money unconditionally so that they go back to work.
Here in Canada, we have a national unemployment benefits program (Employment Insurance, or EI). Like most such programs around the world, it was wholly unprepared for the volume of applications due to the March/April 2020 lockdowns. So, the federal government introduced the CERB (Canada Emergency Response Benefit), which was a flat $2000 monthly payment offered to anyone who attested they met the eligibility criteria. There was no verification because there wasn't time to put such a system in place without unacceptably delaying release of benefits. Of course, there was plenty of fraud, which the Canada Revenue Agency (Canadian equivalent of the IRS) is in the process of investigating and cracking down on after the fact.
IMO, this was exactly the right approach: time was absolutely of the essence. Get the money out, deal with the fraudsters later.