The protocol that is de facto Telegram is called MProto[2], and is publicly available.
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[1]: https://telegram.org/apps
[2]: https://core.telegram.org/mtproto
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edit: The main difference between email and Telegram, is that anyone can host email servers, while Telegram manages theirs.
edit2: MProto being widely available to study, one could perhaps reverse-engineer their own server - but that hasn't been a desire to accomplish this from what I can see. Much of the value-proposal of Telegram is their Service as a whole.
You just did.
I was responding to the claim that Telegram wasn't providing a protocol or ability for developers to author their own clients.
Overall, email is killer, I would love to move everything toward emails that I can filter, or as the OP posted, a Unified inbox.
I wonder if there is a patent on it.
While this is true, there's no automatic process and it's limited to the desktop client. Email is much more convenient because of this. I can't "forget" to backup my emails for the past month or year. I know they'll be on my email server until I delete them.
None of this replaces email.
A big one is I am not sure I will have every Telegram chat I received a decade or two from now, and I will have all my email.
Another is everyone uses email. Not everyone uses other apps. So far Telegram is entertainment only. That is fine.
Email can act like chat, chat is not email.
I very strongly disagree with better. Different? Yup. More experiences possible? Yup.
But not better. Email is killer. And it is not hard, is time tested, production proven, near ubiquitous.
UX is bang on simple, and I hardly ever think about it.
"Better" needs some reevaluation to be frank. I see a general failure to understand why email is great. That means a claim of better UX may make very little sense.