And in wind turbines (for the same reason). What about solar panels? Maybe not the cheaper ones?

Conventional monocrystalline or polycrystalline panels do not use rare elements. Slightly fuzzy diagram: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Structure-of-monocrystal...

Cadmium-telluride and CIGS cells use more rare elements, but they have been overtaken by the ongoing fall in cost of conventional silicon wafer cells, so you won't see too many of them being installed at the moment.

(The failure of CdTe is probably for the best given how spectacularly poisonous both of those metals are)

There's a question over cobalt, although that's not usually counted as "rare".

"Rare-earth elements" is a name for a set of particular elements. Cobalt is not among them.

Despite their name rare-earth elements are not that rare either. They occur in rather low concentrations though and never pure either (i.e. always as compounds) which makes mining and processing them complex.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rare-earth_element

Cobalt is also not that rare just as Nickel is.

It's just the price is set by people who can mine it for nearly free from the most rich deposits in the world.

Low-cobalt batteries are also becoming increasingly common.

True, but the quantity of batteries they are used in is rapidly increasing leading to more demand overall.

Yes they are. There are trace amounts and they are used in the production of lithium batteries. They are also used in semiconductors and the production of them.

Which earths in which chemistries? Or are you saying they're used during production, but but don't end up in the batteries?