I think people who think China can be contained are being naive. As an academic, I am extremely impressed with the improvement in scientific publications in CS out of China of late. In 10 years, they are now killing it on a consistent basis (personal anecdote: a paper from Tsinghua or Shanghai Jiao Tong on average is as good as one from Berkeley, Stanford or MIT). I have a feeling it has to do with the reality that Chinese nationals (or people with some ethnic/language connection) are an integral part of cutting edge science globally. It is extremely do-able to entice these individuals back. Western countries have severely under invested in research .. even back when I got my PhD (like a decade ago), my job packages were far superior in Asia (not just China) than in the West.

I think in 5G, some top level planners in the West have realized the error of their ways, and are investing heavily in basic research. I think it is too late.