Source: https://www.vg.no/nyheter/utenriks/i/x32Xyl/tyskland-31-tilf...
If there were only one case in Norway (i.e. 1 in 130,000) it would still be orders of magnitude difference. But that's not meaningful.
p = 1/2,300,000
N = 130,000
Prob(0 cases) = (1 - p)*N = 0.9450...
Prob(1 case) ~= p * N * (1 - p)*N = 0.0534...
Prob(2 cases) ~= p*2 * (N*2 / 2) * (1 - p)*N = 0.0015...
Prob(3 cases or more) = 1 - P(0) - P(1) - P(2) ~= 2.886e-05
Which is small enough to refute you comment, yes?
Prob(0 cases) = (1 - p)^N = 0.9450...
Prob(1 case) ~= p * N * (1 - p)^N = 0.0534...
Prob(2 cases) ~= (p^2) * (N^2 / 2) * (1 - p)^N = 0.0015...
My apologies for that.
You can't take a subset of the population, find that that subset is out of step with the rate in the total population, and then conclude that the rate in the total population is wrong. The number of cases isn't necessarily evenly distributed, and your model is one that applies to independent random events. But the fact that a case occurred in Norway rather than in another country doesn't dramatically change the overall rate.
https://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/i/86OmPr/drama-i-kulisse...
Of course, Norwegian health authorities point out in the interview that the ethical consideration will be different between countries, depending on expected vaccine delivery and local incidence of covid.
That's not how numbers work. You can't look at California, for example, and conclude that because 63% of voters chose Biden, his national vote share is certainly higher than 52%.