I'm not familiar with the inner workings of dlopen, but I wouldn't be surprised if dlopen itself is mostly userspace code that knows how to interpret the ELF format, and internally it uses mmap as the actual system call. Maybe it has its own system call, though, to let the kernel do most of the work?
I've seen some really cool uses of mmap. It's nice for reducing the number of memory copies when you're churning through a bunch of data on disk, and often necessary when using shared memory for low overhead inter-process communication. I worked on a project that needed publish-subscribe message passing semantics with fine-grained synchronization across dozens of processes, for example, and a lock-free shared memory "disrupter" queue structure was able to handle millions of messages per second, while sockets could only handle a few hundred thousand or so.
I've seen some unfortunate uses as well. Sometimes folk like the idea of manipulating files on disk as arrays in memory, and use mmap even though there's no practical performance need for it. The code often times ends up harder to read than it would have had it used file descriptors. Also, the performance ends up worse because the implemented algorithm's access patterns unknowingly cause lots of page faults and disk seeks because the data is an "array". Often times there's an alternative way to do the same work sequentially with an additional in-memory data structure, and using file descriptors naturally biases one towards doing that.
There are plenty of OSes to choose from by the way, even your rant barely scratches the surface of the options available for any serious systems programming language.
If a OS (or alleged OS) demands that you dynamically link against libc (or anything else written in C) to interact with it, that problem is not the (non-C) programming language's fault.
> your rant barely scratches the surface of the [OS] options available
That's fair, but most of the not-linux I have experience with is microcontrollers or other things that are far enough from unix/posix that they don't have dlopen (mmap itself is hit-or-miss, but tends to be hit in the sorts of situations where I'd have occasion to dynamically load stuff in the first place), so there's not much I could do about that.
My application calls mmap and mprotect(PROT_EXEC), not dlopen.