Those are not fingers (at least not in English).

This chain has got me wondering how we count in base 10, but we don't have 10 fingers instead 8 fingers and 2 thumbs. Maybe we have 10 digits, but digits can be fingers or toes so we really have 20 digits.

Is there a word in English which exclusively means hand-digits or fingers+thumbs or digits-toes?

Because people don't usually don't on their toes? It's easier to bring your hands into view than your feet.

In German we have "hand shoes" for gloves :)

You just broke my mind Russian mind.

in spanish aren't fingers and toes interchangeable?

they're actually interchangeable anywhere as long as you have a talented surgeon.