Could use of this be detected by the ad networks and get filtered out?

It's usually detected by anti-click-fraud stuff (since it's the same UA, cookies, and IP that's mass whacking ads, it's the easy case). However, the users of the tool occasionally intend to punish the publishers (people who put these ads on their sites) which does happen for some low volume publishers - like your buddy's blog with AdSense and stuff.

Set it further towards the “rarely” setting, and this is less likely.

It _could_...

But the ad networks get paid for those clicks, so while businesses keep buying ads from a known[1] mostly fraudulent industry, they will not.

1: "Uber discovered they’d been defrauded out of 2/3 of their ad spend" -- https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25623858

I usually block all known trackers and advertisers, so even if they could track me (which is less likely to happen) they don't get any benefit from that.