So, what, was HR lying?
More to the point, Google shouldn't be putting critical business information on personal devices, that's a security risk. If they're that worried about it, they should be issuing every employee a separate phone.
"We don't trust you enough to have your own device without a rootkit, but we somehow still think it's a good idea to send sensitive company emails to somebody's random custom-ROM 3rd-party Android phone or Macbook, which might have who-knows-what 3rd-party malware installed on it."
Why would you want to put company secrets on the same device that somebody is using to play Pokemon Go, Among Us, and to connect to whatever IoT disaster that they've just been gifted for Christmas?
Google is actually more flexible than most companies: Any employee can get a company phone and employees are allowed to use their personal phones if they want (and don't mind the rootkit and spying). Surprisingly, a lot of people opt for the rootkit & spying to avoid carrying two phones. This saves the company some money on phones & mobile service contracts. And it makes those employees happy.
I very purposefully avoid any work email or slack or apps on my personal device.
I guess the crux of the problem is that the modified/redlined language might have made sense to the GP's friend at the time, and the HR person might have thought it made sense, but you can't tell the DLP software "no personal information" -- if there's an incident and the company needs to perform a forensic investigation, they can't be responsible for determining what they're "allowed" to look at. As other commenters have said, if you don't want your employer seeing your personal data, don't put that data on the same device as your employer's data.
Company devices are occasionally stolen for their internal data: emails, docs, code, and config. This data can be useful to investors and competitors. Companies hire expensive people to limit the amount of data exposed in theft incidents. Understandably, they don't let individual employees opt-out of their expensive data security processes.