So far it's maybe remotely plausible in the second American Civil War, because no foreign enemy yet posses this capacity. No stealth bombers, and no hypersonic cruise missiles.
Otherwise yes a lot of hypothetical tech that can disable carrier fleet. Photon torpedoes, Yuri's mind control, genetically modified Krakens..
Bottom line is that carrier groups are already sitting targets and unlikely to last long in a superpower conflict.
Is a goon-swarm free-for-all really the future ruler of the seas?
This is not a viable technique in 2020.
Also, the Russian 3M22 Hypersonic Cruise missile is in testing as of today, so they definitely do have one. China is also working on it.
It seems to me that you're seriously overestimating the technological lead of the US.
10 000km is a very long distance.
And of course, air bases closer to the theater will be bombarded using missiles, and thus the US would be deprived of air support.
The US Military is ultimately reliant on naval domination for its logistics, and it's naval domination requires carriers and large surface vessels as submarines can't do area denial. If the US military loses that ability, it can't secure its supply chain, and it will be crippled.
The unopposed aircraft carrier caused an anomaly where the US was able to have supply chains of infinite sizes without any issues. If the current threat materializes, then the US Military Doctrine for force projection crumbles.