incorrect. you're conflating action with speech.

engaging in fraud is not speech. If I told you that I owned a hedge fund and would make you 10x returns, that's speech. If I take your money with the promise of 10x returns and enroll you in a scheme, that's an action.

>If I told you that I owned a hedge fund and would make you 10x returns, that's speech.

If I gave you money based on that speech it would be hard to argue in court that you didn't engage in fraud. I'm not a lawyer, so I'll agree with you.

the sentence immediately following the one you quoted asserts as much. are you agreeing or trying to make the same point with different words?

It's certainly possible to twist this situation around to where I don't give you money, like giving it to the guy right next to you.

The action there is separate from the speech. I imagine for these disinformation type campaigns, the action is voting