In this case the search is instant. Without JS you would have to have a submit button and wait for the request. Even if you also added a button the JS version it would still feel more responsive, as again, you're not waiting for the request.
[1] https://www.w3schools.com/howto/tryit.asp?filename=tryhow_js...
Additionally, when it comes to client-side spreadsheets I have seen far more terrible half client-side, half server-side implementations (being only able to sort within a page, instead of across all pages of results). If I had to choose one, I'd choose a world were all we had were server side spreadsheets.
I have also seen the horrible half/half implementations you mention where it should have just been implemented on the server side, and I totally agree with you there.
However it was just an example to show that a unsubstantiated blanket statement like “responsiveness never” is just wrong. I’m not saying doing search in JS is always (or even often) better, but it can be sometimes if done well.
https://codepen.io/dhs/pen/diasg