When people go to grad school, then during their studentship get married and have a kid -- suddenly their productivity goes up dramatically and output per time increases by many factors. What happened?
It turns out when you have self-motivating reasons to get out (and a target on your head from your spouse to earn some money for godssake), you find ways to focus on what's important and drop the rest.
No more idling away for hours on silly ideas that don't get you closer to handing in your thesis. No more trying random libraries that get your code to run 2% faster. No more goofing around after 6pm with other students just because you have the time -- you have to get home and be a breadwinner for your family. You have to get shit done.
You start to ask, "even if I don't know exactly what the thesis will say, how should it be organized and what kinds of conclusions will make up the writing? And what experiments do I need to fill in those charts/paragraphs, and no more?" What's the minimum I need to do to get out of here? Not, "What amazing interesting thing could I explore?"
Limits and constraints sometimes free the mind dramatically. The side effect is maybe you don't get to explore ideas that go nowhere, but that's a discussion about the purpose of the PhD and for another topic I guess.
(And sometimes, if you think, well I don't have a kid, so what's the rush? Well, someday you might have a spouse, a kid, and every day of time you left in grad school is a day for your future self -- and family -- and $$ -- left behind in time. Work to free your future self... now, while you have the time.)
Amazing breakthroughs have high risk, and make it highly likely you'll have a crisis when it doesn't happen.
And what I mean is that, even if you don't know what the answer is going to be at the end of your research, you must think about, or have an idea about, the format of what that amazing answer is going to be. Write the outline of your thesis and "ghost out" what the major charts will be. Write the intro sentences of each chapter -- what are they? (and I don't just mean the boring review of the field part, but your findings part)
You should know what major finding, plot, or table your research is going to output. What are the columns and rows of that table, or axes of that plot? How many data points are required? How many of them can already be guessed? Where is the surprise going to be? What is the conclusion going to be?
For most graduate research, the finding is not an amazing field-changing big bang. Few grad students are that fortunate. Or at least most of the bulk of the work will be of that sort. You should be able to predict what the answer is going to look like from past work, and the error bars.
Draw out the answer you're aiming for, now. If you can't even articuate what the answer will look like, you may be in for a bad time, so work on fixing that. It will also push you and your advisor to be specific about what the output of your thesis will be.
Your future self will thank you.
If you basically know the answer in advance, chances are you are not doing very interesting research.
The worst work I have done has been of this sort. The best has had me completely change my view of (mathematical) reality multiple times during the process.
If you (the general "you") are in industry breakthrough territory, you're an advanced student and my advice isn't for you. Otherwise, I think it's a good practice.
Fair. I think considering what possible conclusions could come is certainly important. I worried about your original post suggesting actually writing the conclusion in advance.
An effective PhD advisor/thesis isn't wandering the woods to find something. It's a guided coaching exercise, with an outcome in mind. If your advisor doesn't know this, maybe time to find a new advisor...
You don't know me, but I really needed to hear this. I left grad school essentially because of a dearth of coaching. Thank you for framing this so succinctly.
There are multiple slightly different versions of the seminar (another is linked below that one), but unfortunately they all came out after I'd finished my PhD, and I didn't hear that advice from anyone else.
The process I arrived at after losing time on failed projects was basically "fail fast": find the simplest quickest way to demonstrate that your idea won't work, and do that. Then find the next simplest, and so on, until either it works or you've proven it doesn't and moved on.
Really annoys me when the word fraud is thrown around so freely, so I'd appreciate it if you don't.
> Obviously you rewrite the whole paper
It is not mentioned and was not obvious to me. Still, I'd postpone writing the conclusion to after you actually have the data. To do otherwise would be steering the experiments to get the expected results. I also reckon this depends on your field, how long the experiments take and your confidence in the results.
> Really annoys me when the word fraud is thrown around so freely, so I'd appreciate it if you don't.
I agree, 'academic dishonesty' is a more appropriate term here.
I remember after my first paper was finished and submitted, and wow, it seemed easy to bang out papers after that, all you needed was four to five figures :)
Does it ever works that way for field changing big bang ideas? Every human achievement was built upon the back of previous achievement and works, either by you or someone else.
Most nobel/turing/fields level work doesn't happen while the researcher is still in graduate school, because a) it usually benefits from additional experience, knowledge, and resources and b) it can sometimes take years to complete.
It also might not be obvious to a dissertation committee (or anyone else) how field-changing certain work actually is until many years have passed, and they might dismiss it early on. Consider Tim Berners-Lee, who was actually a Physicist but received the Turing award because the web (and HTTP/HTML) turned out to have much greater impact than predecessors like FTP, NNTP, PLATO, HyperCard, Director, Xanadu, Intermedia, Gopher, AOL, etc..
Another reason that more mundane research tends to work better is that groundbreaking work is often hard to publish (and get support/funding for), particularly if it isn't completely solid and seems to contradict or supersede established theory or practice.
However, if you are choosing between multiple projects that all seem doable within the allotted time frame, picking the one with higher positive impact on the field (and/or elsewhere) may be a good approach.
Not that I minded, just saying that time constraints and sleep deprivation seemed to have the effect you'd except from them.
High levels of sleep deprivation is only common for the first few months.
> not having the time on nights and weekends to come up to speed on any new technology.
This tends to be a problem on teams that don’t properly evaluate costs of new technology and so churn like crazy for very minor productivity increases.
"I won't do that" can be worth $100k.
I totally get it, but it makes me sad. That line, right there, probably explains why it's so few people who actually get to make the big discoveries.
I credit my now wife with the (passive) motivation to shave at least 6-12 months off my time in grad school.
He understands about 40% as much about the biology, yet he's very good at getting people to drop/trim things that are not going to be worthwhile. He often adds tons of constraints that allow our researchers to hone in on what's going to drive the company forward instead of languishing in a million possibilities.
I very quickly found myself reprioritizing how quickly I could graduate and find a job (since my wife's field didn't have many lucrative career prospects).
That is why I did not do any dating during my PhD
This is getting millions of students through high school, college, and university every year.
Everybody has at least one thing they pushed back for way too long and then developed almost super-human-like abilities to do it. Doesn't guarantee a good grade, though.
It reminds me of a story I heard from a businessman that was walking with an associate down the street. He stopped at one of those old metal newspaper dispenser machines to buy a paper. For those that don't know, the way they work is once you have put in your quarter the machine opens up and all the papers are just stacked in there.
His associate asked him to grab a newspaper for him. So he pulled out one paper, closed the machine and put in another quarter and then pulled out another. The associate asked, "Why didn't you just grab a second paper for free? It's just a quarter." The businessman's response was, "If I'm willing to sacrifice my integrity for a quarter, how much easier will it be to sacrifice it when something serious is on the line?"
> 10 “He who is faithful in a very little is faithful also in much; and he who is dishonest in a very little is dishonest also in much.
> 11 If then you have not been faithful in the unrighteous mammon, who will entrust to you the true riches?
It's right there in the gospels, plain as day, and yet I agree with you that there's far too little thinking like this in the world, even among people who claim to be "Christians".
Why are we not resourceful in normal time?
Calvin: No, I'm waiting for inspiration. You can't turn on creativity like a faucet. You have to be in the right mood.
Hobbes: What mood is that?
Calvin: Last-minute panic.
Yeah he burned out quickly and left with a masters.
There are real quality differences between the two scenarios, but they aren't nearly as bad as what you'd think they are. The reality is that I can just work a lot more efficiently when stressed. If I could do that all the time I'd be able to work 3 hours a day and remain as productive.
Funny because he was often the reason we had to do the last minute rush :)
I wrote a special chapter where I discussed my results with myself and ended up suggesting someone takes a closer look if interested.
The jury was initially 6 people, 1 refused to review a thesis where the candidate discusses with himself because it breaks tradition. The others were quite happy, with one of them referring to my discussion and thanking me for the time she gained with it and which allowed her to spend more time with friends.
For some small issues it is sometimes better to tell it upfront and highlight hiw genius the rest of the thesis is.
I was in my 6th year. All my friends had graduated, and my stipend had run out. I was 2 weeks away from submission and discovered that one of my assumptions was wrong, which potentially distorted/invalidated all my studies -- to fix these studies would have potentially delayed submission for months. It was a very subtle assumption violation (and it wasn't even that wrong) and my committee probably wouldn't even have noticed. I was tempted to sweep it under the carpet and not let it keep me from graduating.
But I knew it was wrong. I felt that if I sacrificed my integrity then, the moral failure would mark me for life. No one would know -- but I would know. So I decided to fix the issue, re-do the studies and live with the reality that I would have to delay my defense.
Turns out when you're desperate -- and many grad students can attest to this -- a resourcefulness that you never thought you had kicks in ("where were you during all my years of grad school?"). I don't remember how, but I somehow managed to wrangle new studies out in 3 days (which would have previously taken me months). I made the deadline in the end.
The lesson I learned was that committing to doing the right thing has its costs, but in some cases it also forces one to explore attacks never previously considered. Asking on MathOverflow is one such attack.