Yes really. Keto still follows calories in/out. Low carb diets are just a way of restricting calories without counting them. People naturally restrict calories when eating low carb -- this is the sole reason it works. You can eat twinkies and mcdonalds and still lose weight if you eat little enough. You can eat no carbs or sugar and still gain weight if you eat more calories than your body needs.

Every diet that doesn't involve directly counting calories tricks you into restricting them in some way, putting you in a caloric deficit. Period. This is how every diet works.

Just not true. Imagine eating 50g of sugar during a run vs 50g of sugar while sitting in the couch for a sedentary person. Your body's hormones also determine fat gain/loss beyond just calories in/out. And fats and proteins, calorie for calorie, produce less fat storage signals.

It's pretty well established that calories alone, not macronutrient composition, are what is responsible for weight loss: https://examine.com/nutrition/what-should-you-eat-for-weight.... There are plenty of studies comparing low-carb diets to not and no difference in weight loss was found when controlling for calories.