The old Nokia and Ericsson phones as well I think as some Motorola’s had a rubber plug in the back just below the external antenna with a coax port that you had to remove when you plugged the phone into the a car speaker phone system the phone would then hook to an external or a larger antenna glued to the windshield.
https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/411PQXERG6L...
But signal testing kits also used it.
This survived until 2G the 5110 still had it.
When 3G came out the coverage was good enough and I’m guessing that issues with signal strength in cars was more or less solved.
*3001#12345#*
then tap Call[0] https://ma.ttias.be/iphones-field-test-debug-screen-dial-300...
Although obviously testing an emergency number requires no SIM cards...
How big were the fines? Were they ever challenged in court?
This is how we tested mobile networks. It works great. The only problem is when someone forgets to make a tight connection or attach a signal attenuator. Since the first thing you always test is emergency calls, once in a while your call ends up on the real mobile network and the fire department shows up in your parking lot. This happened about once or twice a month where I worked. They knew what our business was so they were never mad at us, but we had to pay a fine each time.