Viruses, unlike bacteria can't survive outside of a living host. Thus, they can only decrease over time on an inanimate object. This means if you have ~10 - 20 disposable surgical masks you can reuse them until they're disintegrated. Simply adopt a First In Last Out protocol to maximize the days between reuse. The longest we've seen the literature indicate the virus survives on a surface is 3 days and viral loads decrease at an exponential rate so at 6 days, you're >99.99% safe, at 9 days, you're >99.9999% safe etc. Distributing 20 - 30 disposable masks to every American is not outside of logistical possibility.

Just make sure you wash and dry the mask as soon as it's off your face so bacterial colonies don't have time to multiply.