Functional is ideal, but these languages are harder to learn and not intuitive (like rust). Outside of idealism we need a language that can be procedural simply because that is what people are use to.

Something like Go with ADTs.

Ocaml and SML are not the Haskell dream world. They allow imperative code, side effects, and mutation.

The difference is that they have sane defaults (eg, immutable until you specifically ask for mutations) and an actually sounds type system (no null exceptions, exhaustive pattern matching, good generics, etc)

SML in particular was designed to be easy to learn and implement and succeeds rather well on both counts. It also has a standard instead of the implementation being the spec.

Interesting. What is your opinion is preventing SML from filling the vacuum in terms of adoption? Is it just marketing?

There are three major implementations polyML, SML/NJ, and Mlton (the last two are used together a lot as Mlton's whole code optimizer can take some time). Most of those coders work at universities and the biggest projects (for polyML at least are large theorem provers). They don't really focus on the software problems of more typical businesses.

There are very few languages that rise to prominence without corporate intervention. SML is a solid foundation, but the ecosystem is somewhat lacking. I don't really know aside from that. Even though SML syntax isn't difficult or particularly radical, it isn't in the C family which (I believe) makes it a no go for lots of companies.

EDIT: to answer more clearly, we simply need more dev time to create and improve the library situation and that basically demands a corporate patron.

Came here to say OCaml wojld be the sweet spot.

Sorry about multicore. It's like Perl6. A dream which will never come true or your accept F#.

Note that Perl 6 has been very much a thing since December 2015 (first official release). However, last October it got renamed to Raku (https://raku.org using the #rakulang tag on social media). And it is still very much a thing. If you want to keep up to date, you should check the Rakudo Weekly News (https://rakudoweekly.blog).

Perl6 exists.. well, it did for a year or two until it was renamed Raku.