My current keyboard doesn't have one (it shipped faster and that was more important to me at the time), and I really miss it, and I'm thinking of getting a separate 10-key. I thought it wouldn't miss it that much, but I use numbers frequently enough that it's noticeable.
I wish keyboards had removable 10-keys so I could save space on my desk until I need it. Likewise for page-up (etc) and arrow keys.
The Microsoft Sculpt Ergonomic Wireless comes with a separate number pad, which you can place wherever you like.
There are separate numpads, i.e. USB keyboards that are only the numpad. My brothers are civil engineers, and they use these when working with AutoCAD on a notebook since AutoCAD apparently puts a lot of stuff on numpad keys.
I’d say most analytics focused people will need to do something like this at some point - that, and people who are forced to interact with spreadsheets occasionally.
I also remember owning a Samsung Alias 2, which had e-ink keys so you could use it in either vertical or horizontal orientation.
They are $100 each though.
I use a ten key less keyboard so I can put the mouse closer to it.
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Also I use it for software like Blender for camera controls. (Though this is probably more of a niche use case...)
Pie menus addon is a game changer for that though. Hold Q, push your mouse toward the desired view direction, and let go. It's honestly even faster than moving my hand from the mouse to the numpad.
You still lose the 4/8/6/2 shortcuts for orbiting in 15° increments, but I never used those much. It gives quick access to front/back/left/right/top/bottom preset views. The ortho/perspective toggle is in a second-layer "More" menu which isn't ideal, but quick enough action for something that I'm not changing back and forth all the time.
You can also navigate the pie menus with number keys, so typing q-1-4 will pull up the menu, open the second level, and toggle ortho/perspective.
In addition to being quicker than moving my hand to the numpad, I also like that it keeps my desktop UI consistent with my laptop where I don't have a numpad either.
Outside of the numpad and pie menus, 2.8 has the clickable view gizmo in the top right corner for people who like to click on stuff. That's a nice addition for new users, it's certainly the most discoverable of the three options.
With a centering mark in the middle of the pad, and only the need to move fingers forwards and backwards (no sideways motion), sustained input of 10,000 digits per hour, with 0 mistakes, is not just possible to expected.
For me I find that typing numbers with the top row the home keys for the letters are still useful for centering to move between letters and numbers.
Couldn't you argue only having to move sideways for typing is more efficient than having to move forwards and backwards? Plus you can use two hands to divide the digits between left and right hand.
Almost every fancy mechanical keyboard seems to do away with it, though, so presumably a lot of people are OK without one.
I use a Keyboardio Model01 split ergonomic keyboard at work.