In denmark we have something called Pressenævnet (Danish Press Council), they can not fine companies but they can force them to have a have an article that says that there were an error in their article, they can also send them on to other institutions if they think that it was criminal negliance. They also post all the cases publicly after they are done. What they can do is defined in the "The Media Liability Act", and what they see as pad jounlalism is defined in the "The Press Ethical Rules" both are linked below if you are interested.

Example of case [english]: https://www.pressenaevnet.dk/case-example/

The Media Liability Act: https://www.pressenaevnet.dk/media-liability-act/

The Press Ethical Rules: https://www.pressenaevnet.dk/press-ethical-rules/