This isn't an issue with the language so much as it is with the build systems, includes, library paths, and tooling.
Compare to Java (set the classpath to exactly the artifacts you want and IntelliJ uses its own build system unless you explicitly tell it otherwise), Python (set up a virtualenv with exactly what you want and PyCharm handles its own builds, insofar as Python builds).
In C on Windows and Unix you have to figure out how to find and address includes and libraries in a cross platform way. CMake is probably the best bet. If they were in the position of, say, TurboC back in DOS days where they provided stdlib and you added everything else you wanted, they could do as good a job as for Java.
Exactly. #include "header.h". But where is it? Depends on compiler flags. Java has the same problem, but luckily has only ~2 build systems that are well-supported by IDEs.
VSCode with CMake, clangd, and C++ code filter seems to work for the little I've used it so far.
Havn't quite taken the leap of faith in VIM, clangd to see if that is suitable.
I guess you can switch all of that off of course, but that's what makes it an IDE and not an editor. I think the memory tradeoff is perfectly fine for this kind of application.
Anyway, I don't really see the point you trying to argue here. It appears you are principally opposed to software that uses more resources than what you consider necessary, which is fine and in the case of something like CLion or VS code justified to some extent, because they are far from lightweight. But if you remove these ideological objections from the discussion, none of this actually matters all that much considering typical workstation hardware. I honestly don't mind trading 4 or 8 of the 16 GB of RAM in my laptop for all the features I get from CLion compared to the alternatives. A full compile and run of the thing I'm building can easily get by with (much) less than 2 GB. And if I would be developing something that uses up 8+ GB by itself, I probably want a beefier workstation with 32 GB or more anyway. It's just not an issue, RAM is plentiful, and it's in there to be used.
A single ordinary, commodity CPU core can sort 100M of totally random ints in 5 seconds. The amount of work any editor legitimately needs to do to provide you editing support is trivial, in comparison, by any measure.