Then for foreign language (French and German) classes in state schools in England around 1975 onwards:
We'd often have around 30 pupils. Time was spend on learning vocabulary and set phrases, but mainly in the written form. This would be from around age 10 (French) or 13 (German). It was the first exposure to grammar concepts (verb, noun, etc). Little time was spent on speaking the languages.
At the end of this most of us we still incapable to speaking the foreign language, let alone being literate in them!
I'm not sure to what extent it has improved since.
I agree that language teaching is terrible here though. The period you describe was particularly bad. The teaching of formal English grammar had become unfashionable but foreign languages continued to be taught using grammar concepts that nobody now understood in English. It was completely absurd.
Much easier to catch these on iPlayer than freeview.
Whereas in Finland, subtitles on foreign TV programs are common and classes have less students (I think).
Thus I believe it entirely comes down to the government not being smart enough.