https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bretton_Woods_system
This has a link to the PMoney episode you're thinking of, as well as a more recent discussion of the economic fight other nations possibly trying to supplant or at least be adjacent to the dollar as a reserve currency.
https://www.npr.org/sections/money/2019/07/30/746337868/75-y...
This is why the US does not want https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/BRICS to succeed and will do much to sabotage it.
In the world of politicking, there are no good guys - just lesser of evils (or better the devil you know).
While others were unscarred they never "stood up" by the standards of the world scale even if they were also industrialized.
Current CT: Brexit has to happen before 2020 because otherwise City of London will be subject to EU rules that will cause current anonymities to be revealed.
And half of finance in London is not even located in the City (West End and Canary Wharf).
The UK is certainly not a tax heaven.
The city has had the deserved reputation for being a tax haven for well over a century.
https://www.newstatesman.com/economy/2011/02/london-corporat...
[1] https://jakubmarian.com/is-it-tax-haven-or-tax-heaven-in-eng...
This was the trade off Churchill was forced to agree to, as London was being bombed by the Nazis, if he wanted the US to join the war. Before the War the UK ran the World's finance, after the War it was the US. In short the US financial power was birth directly from its military power.