Ted Kaczynski was a child prodigy who enrolled in Harvard at 16 and graduated in 3 years. He completed his post-grad at Michigan, won an award for his thesis, and became the youngest math professor ever at UC Berkeley. He later retired to a cabin in rural Montana and became the Unabomber.

It's important to point out that he was basically emotionally abused by researchers (apparently paid in part by the government) and never really recovered from it. Also that his manifesto (and later works, while in prison) are genuine works of philosophy by a person who really shouldn't ever be let out into society again. Kaczynski is a really interesting guy.

You probably only ever hear of the success stories. I can think of Terry Tao, John von Neumann, and Erik Demaine off the top of my head, not because they were prodigies, but because they have gained enough name recognition that I Google'd them and learned of their early education.

Even if the rest had very interesting research, you wouldn't hear about them outside of their chosen field unless they reached superstar status.

Norbert Wiener[1], founder of cybernetics, was another famous prodigy:

"After graduating from Ayer High School in 1906 at 11 years of age, Wiener entered Tufts College. He was awarded a BA in mathematics in 1909 at the age of 14, whereupon he began graduate studies of zoology at Harvard. In 1910 he transferred to Cornell to study philosophy. He graduated in 1911 at 17 years of age."

There are also, of course, many, many more musical and chess prodigies, for example... Mozart probably being the most famous of them all.

Curiously, there don't seem to be any significant prodigy novelists or poets.

[1] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Wiener

Here's one example that I remember from my childhood as she is the same age as me:

"Ruth Elke Lawrence-Neimark (Hebrew: רות אלקה לורנס-נאימרק‎, born 2 August 1971) is a British–Israeli mathematician and an associate professor of mathematics at the Einstein Institute of Mathematics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and a researcher in knot theory and algebraic topology."

"In 1981 Lawrence passed the Oxford University entrance examination in mathematics, joining St Hugh's College in 1983 at the age of twelve."

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth_Lawrence

Galois is a very interesting historical prodigy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89variste_Galois

Discovered group theory and died in a duel at 20. His work is very important to modern cryptography.

I do remember his story, basically the most romantic badass in the history of maths

Sometimes things go rather sour: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James_Sidis