> is there a route to a return of rotating leaders without a voluntary abdication by Xi?

History has limited examples of such peaceful (i.e. no civil war) transitions of power. (Most are from the modern era.)

My guess is the CCP’s senior guard would need to orchestrate his “illness.” But Xi has done a good job of purging the Politburo of able competition.

If I were giving this question serious study, I’d look at the PLA.

There has to be a faction within the Politburo, or at least within the Central Committee, that is becoming increasingly skeptical of Xi’s hardline policies, even if all those with pre-existing loyalties were politically purged before. I suppose the question is whether they all find themselves suddenly facing corruption charges one day before they have a chance to consolidate any power.

I’m not sure he’s up to the level of Stalin, but he’s sure purged many of those whom he thought might threaten his standing —most under rather made up circumstances like corruption, where you know, everyone is corrupt, but they all play the game, except if you’re out, then of course, you’re denounced, striped of property, put in jail, or worse, depending. It’s so reminiscent of soviet politicking.

Last good example in China was Mao, who basically had to die to lose power.

I was under the impression that Deng Xiaoping had similar levels of influence and power during his first 10 years in power and that he stepped down due to a weakened influence following Tiananmen.

Along those same lines, I'm very interested to see which direction Russia heads after Putin kicks the bucket.