Define young for us. My first thought is not a toy, but a game, Robo Rally [0]. However, that might be less applicable to young children. They'd have a harder time with it.

There are many algorithms which can be demonstrated with playing cards, but they are not games or toys in themselves, but demonstrations.

Based on the imgur link (which finally loaded), my suggestions are probably not age appropriate.

Wood Gears [1] has some neat contraptions and ideas that may be enjoyable for kids (some more than others). Even things like the solitaire puzzles are algorithim toys [2]. There are many variations of it which scale down to be more appropriate to younger children.

[0] https://boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/18/roborally

[1] https://woodgears.ca/machines.html

[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peg_solitaire

Take a look at the activities labeled 'Algorithms' from the 'unplugged' page on code.org: https://code.org/curriculum/unplugged

They have a few specific toys they work with, but it also will likely give you more ideas.

Traffic Jam is a physical sliding puzzle that teaches sequential and recursive thinking: https://tinyurl.com/yxav6zx4

There's also a 1-dimensional version you can play in a classroom with people or on a table w/ coins or chess pieces: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KizRWfuT5uQ

A Rubix Cube seems like the obvious choice. In learning to solve the cube you will learn several algorithms, and see how useful they can be yourself.

Mazes can teach graph traversal.

You're right, didn't think of that, Thank you.