Normal ACH (Automated Clearing House) transactions in the US tend to be free. I can move money from one bank to another bank without any fees. It usually takes anywhere from 1-4 days. This is moving US dollars. Not sure what the cheapest way to move USD to EUR is and likely not free.

Depends on the bank. Wells Fargo nickels and dimes you on this kind of stuff for instance.

This is largely dependent on your account type and bank. There are many types of accounts that will not charge for wires or will only charge on one side (incoming/outgoing) of the transaction.

I don't pay outgoing wire transfer fees on my business account.

And there’s the nub, elsewhere in the world we don’t have that, and we don’t typically have bank fees - on the contrary the banks pay us.

Probably, it's the same in The Netherlands, wire transfers are instantaneous and free.

SEPA has a fee of 41 euro cents.

SEPA has a fee of "the same as a national transaction within your country", so in many countries it's free.