"The towns are typical of China’s command-led approach to its economy."
However, try to VC say a factory manufacturing metal parts or plastics, nobody will say yes...
Heck, try making actual cars or even golf carts on VC money. VC funders are either interested in something completely not speculative and small (eg. EU VC scene) or total moonshots in badly understood markets where no actual R&D is required.
If the thing is very speculative research, most VC aren't interested.
It takes time to develop engineering expertise, but China has some great engineers who are able to teach the younger generation thus building up a system of being great. I don't know if China is leveraging this internally, but that is lack of personal knowledge. I believe they are going to transform to be another place to get quality products in 20 years.
My guess is India will mostly skip the cheap junk phase of manufacturing: we have been developing their engineering expertise more then their manufacturing.
I see India leveraging its democracy and relative openness plus its large English speaking population to achieve this.