There are plants that do pretty well at air filtering, though not as well as a HEPA filter... but for CO2, they won't absorb more than they can use. This means you need dozens, and also that you'd need grow lights to keep them photosynthesizing as fast as possible.
I've seen an office that was built like that, and it was actually a very nice experience. The owner enjoys spending as hour gardening each evening, though, which is important.
When we see science fiction movies and there is a tiny little area with plants that is supposed to be providing the multi-person crew with CO2 scrubbing and O2 generation, I think the size needed is vastly underestimated.
>A human breathes about 9.5 tonnes of air in a year, but oxygen only makes up about 23 percent of that air, by mass, and we only extract a little over a third of the oxygen from each breath. That works out to a total of about 740kg of oxygen per year. Which is, very roughly, seven or eight trees' worth.
from- https://www.sciencefocus.com/planet-earth/how-many-trees-doe...
https://www.reference.com/science/much-co2-human-exhale-3f8c...
The fastest rate of carbon fixation by any plants are photosynthetic algae eds, which fix u to 4.4 kg of carbon per square meter per year, or 16.3kg CO2/(m^2 * yr).
http://carbon.ycombinator.com/ocean-phytoplankton/
That works out to about 22 m^2 or 240 ft^2 of algae.
Most land plants offer at best about 1/10th this rate, in full sunlight, and far less in indirect, partial, or shaded light.
A lot.
In terms of CO^2 sequestration it doesn't seem implausible to fit a farm of that area in something the size of an apartment..
Of course the energy/water use would be insane, hopefully you could funnel sunlight in, or just open the window. But as a thought experiment that ignores the economics of it think more space station than apartment.
Critically, you need on the order of N m^2 of sunlit area on your culture, not N m^2 of floor space. If you image search "phytoplankton culture" you can see that people grow these in bottles or thin plastic bags under artificial lighting, maximizing the surface area.
You can easily fit 11 m^2 in one square meter like that under standard 250 cm ceiling height. Just have a stack every 20 cm.
The 4.4 kg I gave was carbon, the 16.3 kg CO2. Your 9.16 kg refers to CO2, fixed per square meter per year, which is less than the CO2 fixation value I'd used. That is, http://carbon.ycombinator.com are making a more conservative estimate of about 56% the maximum observed rate. That increases rather than decreases the required area.
At 9.63 kg/(m^2yr) you'd need 39.8 m^2, or 429 ft^2, of algae to offset one person's CO2 exhalation.
Using GNU units:
You have: (1kg/day)/(9.16 kg/(m^2*yr))
You want: m^2
* 39.873602
/ 0.025079249
You have: (1kg/day)/(9.16 kg/(m^2*yr))
You want: ft^2
* 429.19589
/ 0.0023299385
You have: 9.16/16.3
You want: %
* 56.196319
/ 0.01779476
> We will be conservative and say that our algal beds fix 2.5 kg of C per square meter per year and 2.5 kg of C works out to 9.167 kg of CO2.
But then a couple of paragraphs later:
> the maximum CO2 assimilation rate of algal beds which we will say is 9.167 kg of C per square meter per year.
I.e. they first mention a conservative "2.5 kg of C" in the context of the ocean, followed by a "maximum rate". 9 kg of carbon is around 33 kg of CO^2.
Maybe they meant "kg of CO2" in that second paragraph, it's certainly suspicious that it repeats the same 9.167 number, but why would they call that number both "conservative" and "maximum assimilation rate", hrm...
Bio-dome is a movie based on the premise.
Ventilation is the only solution.
Practically speaking, that means a bunch of succulents.