Contesting a charge is a primary feature of credit cards — at least in the US. There’s a prominent link when I login to my credit card account allowing me to contest any charge, and a litany of reasons which you can then select from, ranging from “I don’t recognize / didn’t make this charge” to “Item was not delivered”, “Item was returned”, etc.

I've been imprecise, sorry. What I meant: how lead chargebacks to a credit card to a negative Schufa entry? I've never heard of this.

It's the one saving grace for using something so insecure for payments. At least the credit card company and/or merchant share that risk.

The CC offloads all of the risk + a fine to the merchant, they assume none of it.