I think clavalle's point above is critical. Your good deeds, prowess, etc., have little chance of being noticed absent a willingness on your part to blow your own horn, loud. Now that he is your manager and you are subordinate, any attempt to coerce him to change will only evolve into a wasteful power struggle you can't win. If you are indeed so valuable to the outfit (and thus to him as well), then leverage this value to promote yourself, not necessarily at his expense, but to benefit of all. But -- life lesson: you won't get noticed by dint of talent alone (such notice requires unusually observant managerial staff, often lacking). He is not the solution to your problem: you are.

leave the company.

if the company does not promote meritocracy (in a sense that it gives more competent people more responsibility and vice versa), you are destined to become more and more at disadvantage.

life is too short to spend it fighting a localized idiot. go build something interesting that will benefit mankind.

Spoiler alert: talking about your work is a big part of meritocracy.