"Taiwan, Province of China, is not listed separately in the UN M49 but included in China." [1]. It is an unofficial member, however, which is why you can dial +886 to get to Taiwan [2]. Practically speaking, with the U.S. providing Taiwan its security umbrella, enforcement mechanisms for a Taiwanese breach of ITU protocol would be straightforward.
[1] https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Pages/definitions/re...
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Taiwan#Te...
If you're launching out of Western Sahara, it strongly implies (a) you're doing something naughty and (b) procured your equipment through illicit channels. The reasoning behind (a) is you'd spend vastly more on (b) trying to do this out of Western Sahara than you ever would on compliance in an ITU-member nation. The reasoning behind (b) is export controls.
I thus presume the response would be military (i.e. detainment, not blowing things up). This would probably be the responsibility of whomever you're a citizen of, or whomever gets angry enough about you. (In Western Sahara, probably NATO, Algeria or Morocco.) The more realistic concern is someone bribing officials in an ITU member state.
Look at the map of ITU member states [1] and tell me where you'll find this spacefaring nation.
[1] https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Member_s...