Doesn't matter. Unless one option leads the compiler to generate better code than the other, it's a matter of aesthetics, not correctness. And since you don't even need to be a programmer to understand what the first one means, it's still easier to read.

An observation that comes from studying foreign languages: you learn “and”, “or” and “not” a long time before “if”.

Earnestly: Yes. But there may well be programming tasks or jobs that they are suited to, for which no understanding of boolean logic will make no difference on a day to day basis.