Initially I experienced the same effect on my hearing--everything was unbelievably loud to me all of the sudden. I asked everyone to quiet down, the TV was always too loud, the phone ringing scared the crap out of me. Eventually, I adjusted and it didn't seem so bad. I'm not sure if my actual hearing got less sensitive or if I just "got used to it", neurologically or otherwise.
However, I can tell you that to this day I still have a pretty bad sensitivity to noise. Don't get me wrong, it's not nearly as bad as it was right after the surgery, but I sometimes feel like I can hear people whispering from across the room. Certain noises (especially high-pitched ones) seem to bother me way more than other people. I have been accused many, many times of having a ridiculously low speaking voice (I think these are somehow related). Like my overly-sensitive hearing made me think I was speaking much louder than I really was--or that everyone else's hearing just sucked. I still haven't figured that one out, I might just be a low-talker for unrelated reasons :).
Anyway, I do think this surgery had significant long-term effects, and oddly enough, some days it seems like my emotional state plays a big role. If I'm feeling really upset about something, all the external noises of the world seem that much louder. I get overwhelmed and even angry and feel the urge to tell everyone to shut up. I think this is exacerbated somewhat by living in a busy city in a poorly sound-proofed apartment.
Even with the side-effects, I do think I'm better off having had the tubes/adenoids removed because I no longer have the constant feeling of being stuffed up, or the painful ear infections along with hearing loss and breathing difficulty. Though I admit some days, I wish I didn't hear so damn much, but I'm trying to just find a more peaceful living space to cope. I do wonder if there were better treatment paths, especially given this study and the other comments I'm seeing in this thread!
I grew up with the worst ear infections. Tonsils were removed, and various drugs and treatments. I even needed a speech therapist because of hearing problems that were caused. My family doctor was very opposed to putting holes in the eardrums though, so they didn't try that.
I continued to get ear infections regularly until I left home, but I didn't really realize the stopped. About 8 years later I had another one, and finally isolated it to whey protein (protein supplement started using when going to the gym).
It has now been another 10 years without an ear infection.
My younger brother had chronic ear infections as a kid, and as best I know he basically had tubes in his eardrums for a while, and then when he was older his eustachian tubes started draining more reliabily. He's been fine since.
So during the OP they cut away the adenoids, and made a hole into each eardrum, so fluids could exit. After the OP his hearing was so good that he told us not to scream at him when we barely whispered - for 2 weeks. As soon as the holes in the eardrums healed up, the blockage developed again and his hearing was exactly the same as before the OP.
We tried alternative treatments for a year, strange juices with corticosteroids and stuff (which worked well for his hearing, but he couldn't really sleep while on them), near-infrared radiation through the nose (our favorite so far, but does not work that well because adenoids are too far in)... so he's soon have his second OP where they will likely remove adenoids again (they regrow sometimes) and insert little tubes into his eardrums such that fluids can regularly exit the ears.
Distant relatives of mine have the same issue, but worse (delayed speech development due to near-deafness), and for them the OP worked for 1,5 years and now its positive effects are going away; perhaps requiring another OP.
I'm not thrilled about all this.
BTW here is advice a very expensive doc gave me regarding hearing and speech development: If your kid understands what you are saying while you whisper from a distance of ~1 meter, then her speech development should not be negatively affected, or not that much.